背景
开发过程中，本地通常会有无数次 commit ，可以合并“相同功能”的多个 commit，以保持历史的简洁。
git rebase
# 从HEAD版本开始往过去数3个版本
$ git rebase -i HEAD~3
# 合并指定版本号（不包含此版本）
$ git rebase -i [commitid]
说明：
-i（--interactive）：弹出交互式的界面进行编辑合并[commitid]：要合并多个版本之前的版本号，注意：[commitid]本身不参与合并
指令解释（交互编辑时使用）：
- p, pick = use commit
- r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
- e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
- s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
- f, fixup = like “squash”, but discard this commit’s log message
- x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
- d, drop = remove commit
合并步骤
- 查看 log 记录，使用
git rebase -i选择要合并的 commit - 编辑要合并的版本信息，保存提交，多条合并会出现多次（可能会出现冲突）
- 修改注释信息后，保存提交，多条合并会出现多次
- 推送远程仓库或合并到主干分支
查看 log
$ git log --oneline
291e427 update website
8c8f3f4 update website
1693a6f update clear-logs.sh version
3759b84 update clear-logs.sh
fc36a2a add links
1d795e6 fix && update clear-logs.sh 0.0.2
9536dab add dingtalk script
3a51aaa fix shellcheck problem
2db6ad3 add clear logs scripts
e57b0e6 fix && add batch del
17cb931 fix && add batch del
cf7e875 add redis script
fe4bbcb Initial commit
编辑要合并版本
# 指定要合并版本号，cf7e875 不参与合并，进入 vi 编辑器
$ git rebase -i cf7e875
pick 17cb931 fix && add batch del
pick e57b0e6 fix && add batch del
pick 2db6ad3 add clear logs scripts
pick 3a51aaa fix shellcheck problem
pick 9536dab add dingtalk script
pick 1d795e6 fix && update clear-logs.sh 0.0.2
pick fc36a2a add links
pick 3759b84 update clear-logs.sh
pick 1693a6f update clear-logs.sh version
pick 8c8f3f4 update website
# Rebase cf7e875..291e427 onto cf7e875 (10 commands)
#
# Commands:
# p, pick = use commit
# r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
# e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
# s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
# f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
# x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
# d, drop = remove commit
#
# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
#
# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
#
# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
#
# Note that empty commits are commented out
将 commit 内容编辑如下：
# 把 e57b0e6 合并到 17cb931，不保留注释；把 1693a6f 合并到 3759b84
pick 17cb931 fix && add batch del
f e57b0e6 fix && add batch del
pick 2db6ad3 add clear logs scripts
pick 3a51aaa fix shellcheck problem
pick 9536dab add dingtalk script
pick 1d795e6 fix && update clear-logs.sh 0.0.2
pick fc36a2a add links
pick 3759b84 update clear-logs.sh
s 1693a6f update clear-logs.sh version
pick 8c8f3f4 update website
然后:wq保存退出后是注释界面：
# This is a combination of 2 commits.
# This is the 1st commit message:
update clear-logs.sh
# This is the commit message #2:
update clear-logs.sh version
# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.
#
# Date: Tue Jul 28 18:25:57 2020 +0800
#
# interactive rebase in progress; onto cf7e875
# Last commands done (9 commands done):
# pick 3759b84 update clear-logs.sh
# s 1693a6f update clear-logs.sh version
# Next command to do (1 remaining command):
# pick 8c8f3f4 update website
# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch 'master' on 'cf7e875'.
#
# Changes to be committed:
# modified: logs/README.md
# modified: logs/clear-logs.sh
#
编辑注释信息，保存退出:wq即可完成 commit 的合并：
update clear-logs.sh
查看合并后的 log
$ git log --oneline
47e7751 update website
4c2316c update clear-logs.sh
73f082e add links
56adcf2 fix && update clear-logs.sh 0.0.2
ebf3786 add dingtalk script
6e81ea7 fix shellcheck problem
64ca58f add clear logs scripts
9327def fix && add batch del
cf7e875 add redis script
fe4bbcb Initial commit
推送远程
# 由于我是一个人开发，故强制推送到远程仓库
$ git push --force origin master
冲突解决
在 git rebase 过程中，可能会存在冲突，此时就需要解决冲突。
错误提示信息： git rebase -i resumeerror: could not apply ...。
# 查看冲突
$ git status
# 解决冲突之后，本地提交
$ git add .
# rebase 继续
$ git rebase --continue
微信公众号：daodaotest